International Journal of Management studies and Social Science Research

Azhar Rashed 1, Prof. Anis Mashdurohatun 2 and Prof. Jawade Hafidz 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5901

ABSTRACT: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) have significant potential to become the primary driver of economic transformation from the perspective of village economic development. To support this need, clear and measurable regulations are required to direct Village Funds so that their utilization is appropriately targeted. Although Village Funds have great potential as an instrument to promote village economic growth and MSME empowerment, their implementation still faces various obstacles, such as unintegrated regulations, low capacity of village officials, and weak supervision and accountability in budget utilization. The purpose of this research is to examine the conditions, weaknesses, and formulate legal reconstruction of Village Fund management regulations in supporting the economic development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Indonesia. This research employs a constructivism paradigm with descriptive-analytical research specifications and qualitative research design. The data types include primary data, secondary data, and tertiary data. Data collection methods encompass literature study, interviews, and observation, which are then analyzed using a qualitative analysis approach. Research findings indicate that the legal regulatory framework governing the management of village funds for the development of the MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) economy in Indonesia is currently based on Law Number 6 of 2014, as amended by Law Number 3 of 2024, along with its derivative regulations such as Ministerial Regulation of the Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration (Permendesa PDTT) Number 7 of 2023. In practice, however, a larger portion of the funds is allocated to physical infrastructure development, while productive sectors like UMKN receive less attention. Program planning often remains a mere formality. The weaknesses in the regulation of Village Fund management in supporting UMKN economic development in Indonesia include both technical and substantive aspects. The absence of specific regulations on systematic MSME development has led to uncoordinated program implementation. Legal reconstruction of Article 26 paragraph (3), Article 34A paragraph (4), Article 39, Article 72, Article 87A paragraph (3), and Article 118 of Village Law is expected to optimize efforts toward achieving MSME-based economic development.

Keyword: Village Funds, Pancasila Justice, MSME, Economic Development, Legal Reconstruction

Gubara Said Hassan & Aaisha Rashid AL Zaabi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5902

ABSTRACT: The aviation sector is a critical component of global transportation and commerce, yet it remains highly vulnerable to insider threats that can compromise safety, security, and operational continuity. This study explores and categorizes the various types of insider threats within the aviation industry, emphasizing both intentional and unintentional actors. Using qualitative research methodology, the paper synthesizes findings from case studies, incident reports, and regulatory frameworks issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Air Transport Association (IATA), and national aviation security agencies. The analysis identifies five principal types of insider threats: malicious insiders driven by ideological, financial, or personal motives; coerced or manipulated employees; negligent or complacent staff; contractors with privileged access; and cyber insiders exploiting digital vulnerabilities. The study reveals that these threats, which also include sabotage, theft of intellectual property, fraud, and espionage. are often facilitated by systemic weaknesses such as insufficient background checks, poor information-sharing, and limited behavioral monitoring. The paper concludes that a comprehensive, multi-layered security strategy—integrating personnel vetting, cybersecurity, psychological assessment, and organizational culture—is essential to mitigating insider risks. By mapping insider typologies and their enabling factors, this research contributes to the development of proactive, intelligence-led aviation security frameworks that enhance resilience and safeguard public confidence in the global aviation system.

Keyword: Aviation security; Insider threats; Human factors; Airport safety; Cybersecurity; Risk management; Organizational resilience; ICAO regulations

Dr Evangelia D. Parisi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5903

ABSTRACT: This study examines how Generation Z, as digital natives, responds to short form video content (e.g. TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts) in marketing communication. The research investigates behavioral responses, preferences regarding authenticity and trust, and the impact of short‑form content on purchase intentions and brand recall. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach a quantitative survey among Gen Z users and qualitative content analysis of viral short videos, this article identifies key factors that enhance engagement, such as relatability of influencers, perceived authenticity, entertainment value, and the ability of short videos to deliver information quickly. Empirical evidence supports that influencer relatability and trust signals significantly influence purchase intentions among Gen Z in short‑form video marketing contexts. For example, a study in Indonesia found that influencer relatability had the strongest effect on Gen Z's purchase intention when engaging with short‑form video marketing. In another work, trends on TikTok that are viewed as authentic and trustworthy were shown to have strong impact on buying decisions of Gen Z. Furthermore, this study explores how the algorithmic recommendation system and user engagement patterns affect content reach and retention. Prior research analyzing user engagement with TikTok's recommendation and video consumption behavior reveals that average attention stability is around 45% even as usage time increases; users tend to favour content from followed creators over those recommended by the platform. The findings suggest that short‑form video marketing is most effective when it emphasizes authenticity, aligns with Gen Z's values, includes creative storytelling, and avoids overly polished or overtly promotional styles. Implications for marketers include optimizing content strategies for short‑form platforms, emphasizing trust and creator relatability, and mindful use of recommendation systems.

Keyword: Generation Z, Short‑Form Video, Influencer Relatability, Authenticity, Brand Recall, Purchase Intention

Dr Evangelia D. Parisi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5904

ABSTRACT: This study examines the effectiveness of digital tourism promotion campaigns implemented by public and private tourism organizations, with the goal of enhancing destination awareness, increasing visitor attraction, and strengthening place branding. The research explores the strategic deployment of digital marketing tools, including social media platforms, search engine advertising (e.g., Google Ads), audiovisual content, and official destination websites. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining secondary data analysis, focusing on key performance indicators such as engagement rates, views, and click-through rates (CTR) with primary research involving questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with professionals in the tourism and digital marketing sectors. The findings suggest that campaigns incorporating storytelling elements, emotional resonance, and high-quality visual content tend to generate greater user engagement and positively influence travel intentions. The study concludes with targeted recommendations for optimizing digital tourism marketing strategies. These emphasize the importance of tailoring messages to specific audience segments, integrating innovative digital tools, and ensuring that promotional efforts remain aligned with the authentic cultural identity and values of each destination.

Keyword: Digital tourism marketing, Destination promotion, Digital campaigns, Destination branding, User engagement, Destination Management Organizations - DMOs

Dr. Evangelia D.Parisi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5905

ABSTRACT: This study critically examines the transferability and adaptation potential of Barcelona's advanced digital tourism marketing strategies within the Greek tourism context. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative case study analysis and comparative evaluation, the research dissects key components of Barcelona's digital strategy, including multichannel communication platforms, big data analytics, augmented reality applications, and sustainable tourism promotion. The study identifies the technological innovation, institutional continuity, and participatory governance as fundamental success factors underpinning Barcelona's digital transformation. Furthermore, it explores the current digital maturity of the Greek tourism sector, revealing significant infrastructural gaps, fragmented governance, and limited digital competencies among tourism stakeholders that hinder cohesive smart tourism development. Despite these challenges, selected elements of Barcelona’s model are deemed transferable to Greece, provided specific institutional, technological, and organizational prerequisites are met. The findings underscore the critical need for a coherent national digital tourism policy, capacity-building initiatives, and sustainable funding mechanisms to support Greece's digital transformation journey. Ultimately, the paper highlights that effective digital tourism innovation requires strategic adaptation to local socio-economic and institutional realities, rather than direct replication, positioning Barcelona as an inspirational model for sustainable and inclusive tourism development. This contribution informs both policy-making and academic discourse on digital transformation in tourism management.

Keyword: digital tourism marketing, smart tourism, digital transformation, sustainable tourism, Greece, Barcelona, tourism management

Vennya Christ Angeline 1, Shelfi Malinda 2, Melisa Ariani Putri 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5906

ABSTRACT: The study aims to examine the effect of Green Finance and Environmental Performance on Firm Value with Profitability as a mediating variable The panel data model with Path Analysis is used to process data in this study. The results of statistical data processing on 130 observed samples from 26 food and beverage companies listed on the IDX for the 2019-2023 period show that green finance and environmental performance have no effect on firm value. However, environmental performance has a significant negative effect on profitability. The sobel test value shows that profitability does not mediate the effect of green finance and environmental performance on firm value.

Keyword: Green Finance, Environmental Performance, Firm Value, Profitability.

*Sergey Zuikin & **Professor Akin Aksu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5907

ABSTRACT: Branding is known over the time as an activity 'to distinguish the goods of one producer from those of another' (Keller, 2013:30). The word brand finds its origin from the Old Norse 'brandr', which means "to burn". It is clear that in ancient times farmers were concerned with the necessity to mark their cattle in order to identify own. As soon as times have changed, the idea to identify own production and differentiate it from competitors is still in the center of branding activity (Keller, 2013:30).According to the American Marketing Association (AMA) (https://www.ama.org/topics/branding/ Access date: 21.04.2023), the term 'brand' means a "name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition".

Keyword: Brand development, digitalization, social media usage

Lucio Munoz*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5908

ABSTRACT: If we know the model structure of perfect paradigms, we can create the conjunctural state under which each of them operates, creating in the process model structure and conjunctural state truth tables. Knowing both the model structure and the conjunctural state we can state the structure of paradigm shifts from deep paradigms to true sustainability paradigms, either as a two step shift route or as a one step shift route using both model variability theory and conjunctural state variability theory. This paper is about framing the model and the conjunctural state shift from deep socialism to yellow sustainability or true sustainability while highlighting the main implications of each deep paradigm shift route emphasizing that when the shift takes place the independent social pareto optimality thinking under which it operates is left behind as it takes higher level of responsibility either at a step by step shift or by one step shift.

Keyword: Conjunctural state, Model structure, Deep socialism, Red market, Socio-environmental market, yellow sustainability, true sustainability, conjunctural state, deep socialism pareto optimality state, red market pareto optimality state, socio-environmental market pareto optimality state, yellow sustainability pareto optimality state,

Widodo

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5909

ABSTRACT: The core content of the Space Transition Theory is that a person undergoes a behavioural change when transitioning between physical and virtual spaces. This research examines whether the seven postulates in the space transition theory can scientifically explain the 49 offences of blasphemy on social media in Indonesia. This qualitative research used content analysis techniques to analyse secondary data collected from police investigation reports, verdicts, and mass media news. This study's results proved that the six postulates were correct because it could prove that the blasphemy in social media in Indonesia was caused by the transition of offenders from physical space to virtual space or vice versa, the reason the offenders believe that social media was chosen as the appropriate means to express the desires, unknown their identity, place and time to commit the more flexible crime, easy to eliminate traces of the crime and enforcement of cybercrime law in Indonesia has not strict. Postulate number 7 is not proven valid because the definition, scope, form, and cybercriminal laws constantly evolve and are enforced in several countries.

Keyword: verification, space transition theory, cybercrime, blasphemy, social media

Andriyanto 1, Eko Soponyono 2, Bambang Tri Bawono 3 and Prof. Anis Mashdurohatun 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5910

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the weaknesses in criminal law regulations related to reckless driving in traffic accidents and to formulate a model for reconstructing just legal policy. The research method used is a normative juridical approach supported by empirical studies through case analysis, interviews with law enforcement officials, and a review of doctrine, legislation, and legal comparisons with several countries. The results indicate that the provisions in the Road Traffic and Transportation Law do not clearly differentiate between ordinary negligence (negligence) and gross recklessness (recklessness), often giving rise to legal uncertainty and injustice in the law enforcement process. Furthermore, the policy orientation still emphasizes retributive aspects, failing to accommodate the values of corrective, restorative, and preventative justice. This study proposes a reconstruction of criminal law policy by strengthening the normative definition of reckless driving, categorizing levels of culpability based on risk, updating sanctions proportionate to the impact and behavior of the perpetrator, and implementing restorative justice mechanisms in certain cases to balance the interests of victims, perpetrators, and society. This reconstruction is expected to be able to create a legal system that is fairer, more humane, and more responsive to the dynamics of traffic safety in Indonesia.

Keyword: Policy Reconstruction, Criminal Law, Recleckness, Justice Values.

Sarayuth Shewarouengroj 1, Preecha Methavasaraphak 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5911

ABSTRACT: This research aims to examine the factors that influence saving intention toward the Retirement Lottery among Thai adults. Based on the literature review, five variables were selected for investigation under the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), attitude toward the Retirement Lottery, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, gambling motives, and saving motives. A structured questionnaire was developed using Google Forms and distributed online. A total of 591 responses were collected through purposive sampling, convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods, and after applying the screening criteria, 424 valid responses were included in the analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, reliability testing, and multiple regression analysis. The descriptive analysis was utilized to explain the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between the variables. For the multiple regression analysis, the results indicated that three factors, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and saving motives are significantly influenced saving intention toward the Retirement Lottery. The model explained 61.7 percent of the variance in saving intention (R² = 0.617). On the other hand, attitude toward the Retirement Lottery and gambling motives were found to have no significant influence.

Keyword: Saving intention, Retirement lottery, Attitude, Subjective norms, Perceived behavioral control, Saving motive, Gambling motive

Nguyen Huu Xuyen & Vu Van Tich

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5912

ABSTRACT: This article examines the current landscape and proposes policy solutions to promote inclusive innovation in Vietnam, within the broader context of transitioning toward a more sustainable and equitable development model. By analyzing key factors such as the needs, motivations, and financial capacity of vulnerable groups, the capacity of intermediary organizations and enterprises, and the enabling role of the State, the paper identifies major barriers that have hindered inclusivity within the national innovation ecosystem. The proposed policy measures include: designing flexible financial mechanisms; strengthening the capabilities of intermediary institutions; fostering inclusive business models; developing tools to evaluate inclusive innovation; and integrating inclusive goals into national development and science and technology strategies. These solutions are grounded in empirical realities and informed by international experiences, with the aim of building a more effective, equitable, and sustainable innovation ecosystem in Vietnam.

Keyword: Inclusive innovation, inclusivity, innovation policy, inclusive innovation policy.

Huy Khanh Nguyen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5913

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the relationship between service quality factors and customers' Intention to Use the Grab ride-hailing service among residents and workers in Hanoi, aiming to provide actionable recommendations for service improvement The research employed a quantitative methodology, collecting 173 valid responses using a Likert scale questionnaire, with data analyzed through Cronbach's Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Multiple Regression Analysis. The research model included three independent variables based on established service quality theories: Technical Quality (TQ), Functional Quality (FQ), and Sensory Quality (SQ), predicting the dependent variable, Intention to Use (ITU). The regression results demonstrated that the model is statistically significant, explaining 72% of the variation in usage intention. Crucially, the analysis confirmed that Technical Quality and Sensory Quality positively and significantly impact customers' Intention to Use the service, leading to the acceptance of hypotheses H1 and H3. Conversely, Functional Quality was found to be statistically non-significant, resulting in the rejection of hypothesis H2. The findings highlight that customers place a higher value on the Sensory Quality—the tangible aspects of the experience—and the core Technical Quality (reliability and performance) when deciding on future service use

Keyword: Service quality; customer's intention to use; ride-hailing; Functional quality; Sensory quality; Technical quality

Adams Audu, Prof. Zainab Dabo, Prof. Helen Afang Andow, & Dr. Rahilahtu Ahmad Muhammad

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5914

ABSTRACT: SMEs around the world struggle to maintain performance and managers work tirelessly to ensure their businesses survive and perform effectively. Hence, this study examines the effect of market dynamism and institutional environment on performance of SMEs in Nigeria. The study employed cross sectional design and quantitative approach. Questionnaires were used to gather data from respondents and the collected data was analysed using PLS-SEM. The study discovered that market dynamism and institutional environment have significant impact on performance of SMEs in north central Nigeria. The study concludes that market dynamism and institutional environment are key drivers of performance in SMEs, hence the study recommended amongst others that SMEs should prioritize agility and responsiveness. This involves continuously monitoring market trends, adapting to changing customer preferences, and innovating products and services to remain competitive.

Keyword: Market Dynamism, Institutional Environment, SME Performance, PLS-SEM, Contruct

Wang Bochen 1，He Changping 2，Guo Yuhan 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5915

ABSTRACT: To address the severe challenges posed by frequent mega-disasters to urban systems, enhance the resilience of emergency logistics systems, and resolve coordination challenges in response efforts, this study establishes a comprehensive evaluation framework for emergency logistics systems oriented toward resilient cities. Based on resilient city theory and employing the Fuzzy-AHP method, a multi-level indicator system encompassing four dimensions—robustness, responsiveness, collaborative adaptability, and learning resilience—was established, comprising 20 specific quantifiable indicators. Through expert judgment and fuzzy mathematical processing, qualitative assessments were converted into quantitative weights. Analysis revealed that system robustness and rapid response capability serve as core supports (combined weight nearly 70%), with "first-batch material delivery time" and "redundancy at critical nodes" ranking as the top two key indicators. Conversely, indicators related to coordination mechanisms carry relatively lower weights, reflecting that during initial responses to extreme disasters, basic survival and operational capabilities take precedence over coordination optimization. The study indicates that emergency logistics resilience development should follow the priority sequence of "ensuring survival, accelerating response, and optimizing coordination." Coordination mechanisms should focus on developing functions directly linked to rapid response and reduce collaboration costs through institutionalization. This research provides theoretical foundations and quantitative decision-making tools for optimizing emergency resource allocation, diagnosing system bottlenecks, and enhancing cross-departmental coordination effectiveness.

Keyword: Resilient Cities; Emergency Logistics Systems; Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process; Resilience Assessment; Collaborative Mechanisms; Weight Analysis

Nguyen Thi Tuyet

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5916

ABSTRACT: In the era of digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI) offers unprecedented opportunities to innovate the design and evaluation of university curricula in line with international standards. This paper adopts a literature review approach, drawing on global research, policy reports, and accreditation frameworks (AUN-QA, ABET, CDIO) to analyze the role of AI. Findings reveal that AI supports the identification of learning outcomes, optimizes content and instructional organization, and enhances the quality of assessment and accreditation. The paper also highlights challenges in Vietnam and proposes directions for applying AI to improve higher education quality in the new context.

Keyword: Artificial intelligence, curriculum, higher education, evaluation, digital transformation

Benyapa Piboolvitayakul 1, Dr. Preecha Methavasaraphak 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5917

ABSTRACT: This study proposed to investigate the factors influencing Direct Hotel Booking Decisions in Thailand. The objectives of this study were: 1) to study direct hotel booking decisions among travelers in Thailand and 2) to study the factors influencing direct hotel booking decisions among travelers in Thailand. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 400 respondents who were Thai nationals with prior experience in direct hotel booking. To conduct the study, the researcher employed a quantitative research approach by using non-probability sampling in the form of the convenience sampling and Snowball sampling They were delivered using electronic questionnaires and statistical analyses tools included Cronbach's Alpha to assess reliability, Descriptive statistics to summarize demographics, and Multiple Linear Regression for hypotheses testing. The independent variables examined were Perceived Ease of Use, Price, Payment Method, Information Quality, Electronic Word-of-Mouth, and Customer Relationship. The study results were: 1) Four factors were found to significantly influence Direct Hotel Booking Decision: Perceived Ease of Use, Price, Information Quality, and Customer Relationship. These independent variables could explain 57.4% of the variation in Direct Hotel Booking Decision (Adjusted R Square = 0.574). 2) The most influential factor was Perceived Ease of Use, contributing influence (β=0.377), followed closely by Price with (β=0.338). Information Quality (β =0.091) and Customer Relationship (β =0.087) also showed a significant, though weaker, influence. 3) However, Payment Method and Electronic Word-of-Mouth were not found to significantly influence direct hotel booking decisions in this model.

Keyword: Direct Hotel Booking Decision, Perceived Ease of Use, Price, Information Quality, and Customer Relationship

Aris Prio Agus Santoso 1, Anis Mashdurohatun 2 and Bambang Tri Bawono 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5918

ABSTRACT: The rapid expansion of the beauty industry has increasingly driven medical practitioners to participate in commercial skincare activities, including excessive promotion, overclaiming, and marketing behaviors that potentially violate professional ethics, trade regulations, and consumer protection principles. Ideally, however, the role of medical practitioners must be carried out professionally, justly, and in accordance with regulatory standards to ensure that medical authority, ethical integrity, and consumer rights are protected proportionally and responsibly. This study seeks to formulate a justice-based model for defining the role of medical practitioners in skincare services by integrating principles of professional ethics, legal norms, and consumer protection. The formulation is expected to provide a foundation for strengthening operational standards, enhancing regulatory oversight, and supporting legal harmonization that is responsive to the evolving dynamics of Indonesia's beauty industry. Using a normative juridical method with a conceptual approach, qualitative analysis, and comparison of established legal theories, this research identifies normative gaps, regulatory inconsistencies, and relevant justice principles. The analytical process enables the development of a comprehensive and adaptive framework for the medical practitioner's role in skincare practice. The findings reveal that medical practitioners are not merely technical service providers; they serve as guardians of ethics, morality, and justice within skincare services. They are responsible for ensuring that treatment is safe, effective, proportional, and oriented toward patient protection. The integration of distributive justice, corrective justice, and fairness, combined with bioethical principles and role theory demonstrates that medical professionalism must align with empathy, transparency, and moral integrity. Role tension emerges when commercial demands intersect with ethical duties, thereby requiring fair, balanced, and enforceable operational standards. This study ultimately proposes the "Empathic-Proportional Justice Model" as an innovative framework that synthesizes ethical values, legal principles, and moral-spiritual considerations to strengthen the role of medical practitioners in contemporary skincare practice.

Keyword: Medical Practitioners’ Role, Skincare Services, Justice.

Filiz Eroglu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5919

ABSTRACT: Sustainable consumption awareness and habits constitute one of the critical factors for a sustainable world and development. In the formulation of appropriate policies, the findings of scientific studies addressing the sustainability phenomenon from various aspects are of paramount importance. This research, which examines young consumers' sustainability awareness, behavior, and intentions within the context of gender, subjected the data collected via surveys from 207 Turkish university students to Independent Samples T-Test. The results revealed no significant difference based on gender regarding sustainable consumption awareness. However, contrary to expectations, in the dimensions of reuse and reduce within sustainable consumption behavior and intention, the mean scores of male consumers were higher than those of female consumers, although this difference was not statistically significant. In the recycle and reconsider dimensions, a significant difference was found in favor of female consumers, which aligns with expectations. These findings contribute to the expansion of the relevant theory and will provide guidance in the development of sustainability-related policies in both the public and private sectors.

Keyword: Sustainable consumption awareness, sustainable consumption behavior and intention, young consumers, gender.

Karunakaran B Shaji

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5920

ABSTRACT: Rousseau's encounters with idealism and philosophy of Romanticism had been problematic always. The never ending dialectics between the self-consuming subjectivism and the fierce commitment to the revolutionary ideals of Romanticism often proved to be undoing of the Rousseau's own version of the Romantic ideal which insistently demanded a saner consciousness barring all stipulations of conventional codifications and norms which became the substratum of the later romantics. In the wilder polemics of the mainstream romantics, Rousseau often found symptoms of an anti-aesthete. This paper explores different dimensions of Rousseau's conflicting relationships with the Romantic ideal.

Keyword: contemporary civility, sexual promiscuity, social morality, authoritarian ideas, possible permutations

Agus Taufikurrahman1, Gunarto 2, Jawade Hafidz 3 and Anis Mashdurohatun 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5921

ABSTRACT: This research is motivated by the problem of dual jurisdiction in law enforcement against TNI soldiers who commit general crimes. In a democratic state governed by law, the principle of equality before the law demands equal treatment for every citizen. However, the legal reality shows a disparity where TNI soldiers who commit general crimes (such as murder, corruption, or assault) are still tried through the military justice mechanism based on Law Number 31 of 1997. This contradicts the mandate of Article 65 paragraph (2) of Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning the TNI, which states that soldiers are subject to general justice for general crimes and military justice only for military crimes. The research results show three main findings. First, the current regulation of absolute competence is still dominated by Law Number 31 of 1997, so that general courts do not have the authority to try active soldiers even if they commit general crimes. Second, the obstacles to the implementation of Article 65 paragraph (2) of the TNI Law are complex, including legal obstacles (the unrevised Military Court Law and the absence of implementing regulations), institutional obstacles (institutional resistance and sectoral egos), technical obstacles (the competence of law enforcement officers), and cultural obstacles (differences in work culture and standards of proof between the military and civilian environments). Third, the ideal reconstruction of absolute competence requires a multi-layered approach, namely: (1) Normative revision of the Military Court Law to align with the TNI Law; (2) Clear categorization of criminal acts between general and military crimes; (3) Procedural harmonization of procedural law; and (4) Strengthening institutional cooperation. This reconstruction aims to restore the dignity of military justice for military discipline, while simultaneously transferring jurisdiction over general crimes to general courts for the sake of transparency and public accountability.

Keyword: Absolute Competence, Military Justice, General Justice, General Crimes, TNI Legal Reform

Deya Rahmatia H. Anuli 1, Abd. Kadim Masaong 2 and Besse Marhawati 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5922

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the relationship between cognitive, affective, and spiritual competencies and problem-solving abilities among elementary school teachers in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. Despite the critical role teachers play in developing students' problem-solving abilities, many educators continue to face challenges in addressing learning problems innovatively and adaptively. While existing research predominantly examines multiple intelligences in relation to student outcomes, limited attention has been directed toward understanding how teachers' own cognitive, affective, and spiritual capacities influence their professional problem-solving skills. This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional survey design involving all 192 elementary school teachers in Tabongo District. Data were collected using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6) and analyzed through descriptive statistics, normality testing (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), linearity assessment, multicollinearity diagnostics, and multiple linear regression (IBM SPSS Statistics v.26). Findings reveal significant positive correlations between problem-solving competencies and cognitive competencies (r = 0.382, p < .05), affective competencies (r = 0.489, p < .05), and spiritual competencies (r = 0.434, p < .05). Collectively, these three dimensions account for 34.6% of explained variance in problem-solving competencies (R = 0.587, R² = 0.346, p < .05). These results underscore the need for holistic teacher development frameworks that systematically integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions through targeted professional training interventions. However, the study's cross-sectional design and regional specificity limit broader generalizability. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs and include diverse geographical contexts to validate and extend these findings, thereby informing scalable, evidence-based policies for enhancing teacher competencies and educational quality.

Keyword: Cognitive competencies, affective competencies, spiritual competencies, problem solving, elementary school teachers

Gao Tianqi 1, Mohd Hassan Abdullah 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5923

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the potential of choral conducting as a pedagogical tool for cultivating leadership, communication, and emotional growth within the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (IB MYP). Despite the MYP's commitment to holistic, inquiry-based learning, the MYP Arts Guide lacks domain-specific frameworks for specialized practices such as conducting, leaving teachers to design curricula and assessments independently. This absence has led to inconsistency, inequity, and missed opportunities to integrate music education with social-emotional learning (SEL). Drawing on a Design and Development Research (DDR) framework, this study employed a sequential mixed-methods approach, incorporating document analysis, teacher interviews, and a Delphi expert panel. Findings revealed systemic gaps in curricular scaffolding and identified six essential domains for adolescent conducting education: basic conducting techniques, aural and listening skills, nonverbal communication, repertoire and score understanding, rehearsal strategy and problemsolving, and fundamental choral skills. Each domain was mapped to outcomes in emotional and social intelligence, demonstrating how conducting fosters self-regulation, empathy, intercultural understanding, collaboration, and collective identity. A validated choral conducting framework is proposed, aligning technical progression with the IB's learner profile and broader goals of 21st-century education. The implications are significant: for IB schools, the framework enhances consistency and equity; for teachers, it provides research-based scaffolding and reduces workload; for students, it reframes music education as a pathway to leadership and resilience. Ultimately, the study advances music education as both an artistic and humanistic practice, contributing to global debates on equity, curriculum design, and the transformative potential of the arts.

Keyword: Choral Conducting, Emotional and Social Intelligence, Curriculum Design, International Baccalaureate (IB), Music Education

Omar El Ghazi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5924

ABSTRACT: This article revisits data collected in 2009 on attitudes towards the role of translation in promoting Tamazight in Morocco. The original study was based on a questionnaire administered to Amazigh activists, teachers, and university students and examined perceptions of translation into and out of Tamazight, preferred text types, and perceived obstacles to language promotion. Using contemporary theoretical frameworks from sociolinguistics, language revitalisation studies, and translation studies, the article reanalyses these findings in light of the 2011 Moroccan Constitution, which recognised Amazigh as an official language. The results indicate that while translation is widely perceived as culturally and symbolically valuable, it is not viewed as sufficient for effective language revitalisation in the absence of standardisation, education, and institutional support. The article argues that translation functions primarily as a mechanism of symbolic recognition rather than linguistic normalisation and discusses implications for current language policy and cultural planning in Morocco.

Keyword: language attitudes, language revitalisation, minoritised languages, Morocco, Tamazight, translation, standardisation

Assistant Professor Mutjarin Ittiphong

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5925

ABSTRACT: The contemporary craftsmanship is a form of art created by humans for the purpose of use and for the benefit of living. Nowadays, the popularity of organic craftsmanship products has been rapidly increased focusing on eco-friendly and sustainable materials. The academic article "The Creation of Contemporary Craftsmanship for Costume Design; The Case Study of the Performing Arts "Tiger Hunting", aims to discover, experiment and improve the quality of costume design for performing arts. This research methodology is as follow; (1) conceptual framework (2) target group (3) analysis of the theme of the performing arts "Tiger Hunting" (4) construction elements (5) costume design (6) creative works. The achievement of this creative research led to the synthesis of contemporary craftsmanship for two costume design for performing arts and lead to tourism stimulation and development of the creative economy in the area study.

Keyword: Craftsmanship, Costume Design, Tiger Hunting

DR. DIPANWITA MAJUMDER, SONALI SARDAR

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJMSSSR.2025.5926

ABSTRACT: Purpose: Over the past decade, the Indian oil industry has undergone a remarkable transformation, establishing a notable presence on the global stage. This evolution is characterized not only by significant expansion in the industry's capacity but also by the proactive role of government policies in shaping its development. Acknowledging the need for modernization and improved competitiveness, the government has actively promoted private investment in the oil sector, illustrated by initiatives such as the Hydrogen Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP). Furthermore, the introduction of innovative biofuels, along with relative stability in oil prices despite global market fluctuations, has enhanced India's appeal as an attractive hub for both domestic and international investors. However, research indicates that earnings management plays a crucial for maintaining such stability in stock prices within this sector (Greco, 2012; Hsaio et al., 2016). Sudden declines in oil prices, driven by macroeconomic instability or natural disasters, have prompted oil companies to engage in earnings management (Byard et al., 2007; Kjærland et al., 2021). As for measures, studies reveal that the government, as a major shareholder, significantly constrains opportunities for earnings manipulation, thereby profoundly influencing the financial landscape. In India, while the oil industry remains predominantly government-controlled, the involvement of private players adds complexity to market dynamics. This interplay between the state and private sectors is vital for our study, which seeks to explore the intricate relationship between earnings management "analyzed through the Modified Jones Models" and the overall performance of oil companies operating within the country. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study investigates a diverse sample of 18 oil companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) over a significant period from 2013 to 2022. These companies were thoughtfully categorised into two groups based on their size: large and small. Comprehensive data for this analysis were gathered from the Prowess database. Study variables In this study, a comprehensive analysis of key financial metrics, including cash flow, current assets, current liabilities, and specifically the debt component within current liabilities, was conducted. Additionally, an examination of depreciation, total assets, revenue generation, receivables, and the critical category of property, plant, and equipment (PPE) is conducted. These variables are pivotal for calculating the Modified Jones Model, a robust framework employed to assess the level of accruals within the firm’s financial statements. To capture the management of earnings at the operational level, we have done the real earnings management. Alongside analyzing these accruals, we assessed the firm's performance using various financial indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), the Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E), and Economic Value Added (EVA). This study uses a multiple regression model, with accruals as the independent variable and the performance metrics as dependent variables, providing a detailed view of the relationship between accrual practices and overall firm performance. We also considered the Economic Political Uncertainty index to examine the impact of political or economic crises on these relationships. Findings: The results indicate that in large oil companies, managerial behaviour mainly involves manipulating earnings through accounting adjustments rather than changing operations (Hutchinson et al., 2008; Iqbal et al., 2010). However, economic and political uncertainties significantly influence managerial actions in this field. However, in the case of smaller oil firms, the importance of Real Earnings Management (REM) considerably affects their Return on Assets (ROA), as shown by the beta coefficient (β), although the firm's age remains the most significant factor. This disparity underscores the complex dynamics of earnings management, where the consequences can differ greatly based on the size and scope of the business involved. Further, under such conditions, political and economic uncertainties often lead to negative consequences, prompting managers to resort to earnings management via Accrual Earnings Management (AEM). Additionally, a one-sample t-test reveals that larger companies tend to engage more in earnings management compared to the smaller ones. Originality/Value: This analysis enhances the current body of research by investigating the relationship between accrual-based earnings management and firm performance within the oil industry on India's National Stock Exchange (NSE). This study is essential for regulators, investors, and other stakeholders, as it offers valuable insights that can significantly inform their decision-making processes when considering investments in NSE-listed oil companies.

Keyword: Accruals earnings management (AEM), Firm Performance, Economic Value Added (EVA), Modified Jones Model, Return on Assets (ROA), Price-Earnings Ratio (P/E), Economic Political Uncertainty (EPU), Real Earnings Management (REM), One-Sample t test